One of the fastest ways to improve your English essays is learning what the directive verb is actually asking you to do. A lot of students know their texts or arguments fairly well, but lose marks because they answer the wrong TYPE of question.
So, before writing, underline the directive verb. It tells you the depth, structure, and style your response needs.
Tier 1 Verbs:
– Describe
– Identify
– Define
– Name
– Outline
Eg. Identify two language techniques used in the text.
For tier 1 verbs, focus on: giving characteristics, features, or clear definitions, as well as straightforward explanations with accurate examples. Don’t overanalyse!!
If the question says identify, you usually only need concise evidence + brief explanation.
Tier 2 Verbs:
Explain
Analyse
Examine
Account for
In what ways
Eg. Explain how this text conveys the experience of distress.
Here, focus on HOW techniques create meaning, or WHY composers make certain choices. This requires explanation of cause and effect, typically examining relationships between ideas, context, and audience
So, avoid plot retelling. A good sentence starter might be “Shakespeare conveys… through the use of… which tells the audience…”
Tier 3 Verbs:
Assess
Evaluate
To what extent
Eg. To what extent is loss a central theme of Past the Shallows?
For Tier 3 verbs, focus on making an explicit, verbalised judgement (eg. “significantly effective”, “highly accurate” etc). Then you need to argue why the statement is true/valid, justifying your interpretation with evidence. Aka, these questions need a strong thesis.
Tier 4 Verbs:
Discuss
Explore
Eg. Explore the ways in which texts represent the complexity of human experience for individuals.
Here, focus on multiple perspectives, how complexity emerges through ifferent interpretations, and weighing ideas against each other. These questions are usually a bit broader and more flexible, so less obviously any “correct” answer.
Remember: A good essay doesn’t just address the topic, it answers what the directive verb is asking you to do.
Mica Krzyzanowski