Student agency in learning refers to a student’s ability to take ownership of their education by making intentional choices, setting goals, and actively shaping their learning experience. Instead of being passive recipients of information, students with agency see themselves as active participants who have influence over how and what they learn.

One of the clearest ways students can show agency is by setting personal goals. Rather than simply aiming to complete tasks, they might decide to improve their essay writing, contribute more in discussions, or strengthen their understanding of a difficult topic. Clear goals give learning direction and make it feel more purposeful.

Reflection is another important part of agency. When students take time to think about feedback, recognise patterns in their mistakes, and adjust their study strategies, they are showing responsibility for their growth. Instead of seeing assessment as something that happens to them, they use it as a tool for improvement.

Choice also plays a big role. Even within structured courses, students often have options, such as selecting essay topics, choosing research examples, or deciding how to organise their notes. Making thoughtful choices that align with personal interests can increase motivation and engagement.

Participating in class discussions, asking questions, and seeking clarification are also strong examples of student agency. These actions demonstrate curiosity and a willingness to deepen understanding rather than just meeting minimum requirements.

Finally, resilience is key. Showing agency means persisting through challenges, adapting strategies when things don’t work, and recognising that learning involves setbacks as well as success. Ultimately, student agency is about partnership. When students actively engage, reflect, and make intentional choices, they take meaningful control of their learning journey.

Tiana Tzoukas