A thesis statement is the central argument of your essay, the sentence that tells your reader not just what you’re writing about, but why it matters. A strong thesis turns a topic into a clear, debatable claim that shapes the direction of your analysis.

1. Understand What a Thesis Is
A thesis isn’t a statement of fact or a summary of your topic.
It is not “Shakespeare’s Othello is about jealousy.” Rephrase as: “In Othello, Shakespeare portrays jealousy as a corrosive force that distorts love and reason, revealing the fragility of human trust.”
The second example works because it takes a stance and signals the essay’s focus.

2. Start with a Question
Most essay prompts can be rephrased as questions:
How does Orwell explore truth and power in 1984?
Then, answer it with your thesis:
In 1984, Orwell depicts truth as a political weapon used by those in power to control both memory and reality.

3. Be Specific and Defensible
A good thesis makes a claim that requires evidence and interpretation. Avoid vague verbs like “shows” or “proves.” Use precise ones such as reveals, critiques, redefines, or challenges.

4. Use a Clear Structure
Think of a thesis formula: Author + Technique + Theme + Purpose.
Example: Through fragmented narration, Colum McCann’s Thirteen Ways of Looking questions the reliability of perception to reveal how storytelling constructs truth.

5. Refine as You Write
Your first draft won’t be perfect, and that’s fine. As your argument develops, return to your thesis and sharpen it. A strong thesis answers the question, takes a clear position, and sets up what each paragraph will prove.
Your essay’s clarity begins, and ends, with your thesis.

Allegra Pezzullo